Controlling zoonotic diseases and foodborne pathogens involves a deep understanding of how microbial pathogens invade and colonize, as well as the circumstances that encourage or stop growth for each strain of organism ( 2, 5).
In addition, public health concerns on the development of resistant bacteria due to the abuse of antibiotics as growth promoters and drugs are emerging public health challenges. are the poultry bacteria more often responsible for human foodborne diseases. In the available literature, Salmonella serovars and Campylobacter spp. Many foodborne diseases can be transferred through the food chain. Changes in Political and Social Conditions and Consumer Perceptions Food SafetyĬonsumers' perspectives on the quality and safety of animal products are a continuous issue for the poultry industry and its strategic future ( 3– 5). The occurrence of unanticipated and new diseases and new legislation in several countries will also remain essential issues. In addition, the continuous increase in the costs of feedstuffs-and thus feeds and foods-remain prominent issues ( 2). These endeavors will include the launch of programs to control infectious diseases, face the constant changes in political and social conditions, address consumers' perceptions about animal welfare, and ensure the safety and security of foods and environmental defense issues. Hence, meeting per capita consumption and welfare to humans necessitates continuous efficient and goal-oriented healthcare to control disease spread and decrease the application of antibiotics ( 1). Thus, the present review explores these important tasks.ĭisease control, high production, product quality, and reasonable production costs have been the recent main goals of the poultry industry. Stockholders, veterinarians, farmers, and all the partners of the chain of poultry production need to be more involved in the current situation and the strategic future of the industry to fulfill human demands and ensure sustainable agriculture. It will also take into consideration economic, ethical, social dimensions, and the sustenance of the accomplishment of high environmental security. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic will affect poultry consumption, transport, and the economics of poultry farming. It is essential to know that chickens are not susceptible to intranasal infection by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. Rather, it will also incorporate the interconnection of the animals' health, welfare, and immunity. The theory of poultry production described in this review will not be limited to considering disease control. In addition, the public health hazards from consuming foods with high antibiotic residues will remain a critical issue. Eradication, elimination, and/or control of foodborne and zoonotic pathogens present a major challenge to the poultry industry. Foodborne and zoonotic diseases are strictly linked with poultry.
Consumer confidence, product quality and safety, types of products, and the emergence and re-emergence of diseases will continue to be major challenges to the current situation and the strategic future of the industry. Poultry immunity, health, and production are several factors that challenge the future growth of the poultry industry.
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1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.